Osteocalcin is a small protein composed by 49 amino acids and is also known as bone gamma-carboxylation. 

Osteocalcin is the most abundant non-collagenous protein in bone and is synthesized by mature osteoblasts, odontoblasts, and hypertrophic chondrocytes. The main role of osteocalcin is in metabolic regulation, bone mineralization and calcium ion homeostasis¹.

In clinical laboratories, serum levels of osteocalcin are considered a marker of osteoblast function for the assessment of bone formation² and, alongside other parameters, may be useful for assessing osteoporosis¹. Osteoporosis is a clinical condition that can lead to impaired bone strength and loss of bone mass, increasing the risk of fractures due to the deterioration of bone tissue and disruption of bone microarchitecture³. Osteoporosis is the most common bone disease in humans, with an estimated worldwide prevalence of 18.3%⁴.

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